COP29: UN Climate Talks in Baku 2024

The debate on Loss and Damage in the context of the UNFCCC has a long and fractious history. As much of the Loss and Damage institutional framework is still in its early stages, there is room to develop synergies, connections, and functionality. Our policy brief ahead of COP29 looks into this potential. To spur the conversation on L&D, we address key points such as the L&D subgoal of the NCQG, a permanent agenda item, the WIM review, and progress on the FRLD.

With the establishment of the Fund for responding to Loss and Damage, loss and damage finance has been firmly institutionalised under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. However, little knowledge exists on the financing gap that the Fund would ideally close. In our report, we discuss methodological challenges and propose solutions to change that.

Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) are the climate plans of countries that have signed the Paris Agreement. Every five years, these plans need to be updated, adding more ambition to reduce emissions. In this primer, we give an introduction to NDCs, their history, and describe four essentials of a good next generation of NDCs.

The New Collective Quantified Goal on climate finance will be defined at COP29 in late 2024. It will shape the future of climate finance and guide Parties' efforts to finance climate action for years to come. The Goal therefore needs to highlight the importance of adaptation finance and contain strong provisions to ensure that adaptation finance flows in line with the evolving needs and priorities of developing countries, as well as the Global Goal on Adaptation of the Paris Agreement. Our policy brief details how this can be achieved.

Over the next few months, countries will be releasing the next generation of climate plans known as National Determined Contributions (NDCs). Read our open letter detailing the '10 tests' for global leaders to stay on track and limit global warming to 1.5°C, to avoid catastrophic climate change.

We are living in the ‘era of loss and damage’. In this era, the decision to establish the new Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage (FLD) at COP27 was a historic milestone. Seeking to inform and catalyse advocacy on the topic, we calculate fair shares for countries in providing finance to address L&D.

The 60th session of the Subsidiary Bodies (SBs) took place in Bonn in June 2024. This debrief provides a summary of the key discussions and outcomes from the session across the (negotiation) topics discussed, including the Mitigation Work Programme, Just Transition, Adaptation, Loss and Damage, Climate Finance, Global Stocktake, and Agriculture and Food Security. Additionally, it contextualises these developments within the big picture and offers a perspective on the upcoming expectations for COP29.